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to calculate

  • 1 ratio

    rătĭo, onis (abl. rationi, Lucr. 6, 66), f. [reor, ratus], a reckoning, account, calculation, computation.
    I.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Sing.: Les. Nequaquam argenti ratio conparet tamen. Sta. Ratio quidem hercle adparet: argentum oichetai, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 15 sq.:

    rationem putare... bene ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 141; 146; cf.: ad calculos vocare amicitiam, ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

    itur, putatur ratio cum argentario... Ubi disputata est ratio cum argentario,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 53 sq.:

    dextera digitis rationem computat,

    id. Mil. 2, 2, 49:

    magna ratio C. Verruci,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 188:

    direptio ejus pecuniae, cujus ratio in aede Opis confecta est,

    id. Phil. 5, 6, 16; cf.:

    quibus in tabulis nominatim, ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, etc.,... Quarum omnium rerum summa erat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 29: auri ratio constat: aurum in aerario est, the account agrees, i. e. is correct, Cic. Fl. 28, 69 (v. consto):

    decumo post mense, ut rationem te dictare intellego,

    to make the reckoning, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 38 (al. ductare):

    rationem ducere,

    to make a computation, to compute, calculate, reckon, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; so, rationem habere, to take an account, make a computation:

    omnium proeliorum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 53; cf.:

    hujus omnis pecuniae conjunctim ratio habetur,

    id. B. G. 6, 19; and:

    piratarum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 71:

    rationem inire,

    to cast up, reckon, calculate, Caes. B. G. 7, 71, 4:

    quattuor minae periere, ut ratio redditur,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 23; cf.:

    tibi ego rationem reddam?

    id. Aul. 1, 1, 6; id. Trin. 2, 4, 114:

    rationem referre,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

    rationem repetere de pecuniis repetundis,

    id. Clu. 37, 104: Py. Quanta istaec hominum summa est? Ar. Septem millia. Py. Tantum esse oportet:

    recte rationem tenes,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 47 et saep.:

    drachumae, quas de ratione debuisti,

    according to the account, id. Trin. 2, 4, 24:

    grandem (pecuniam) quemadmodum in rationem inducerent, non videbant,

    how they should bring it into their accounts, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106.—
    (β).
    Plur.: rationes putare argentariam, frumentariam, pabuli causa quae parata sunt;

    rationem vinariam, oleariam, quid venierit, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 5:

    rationes ad aerarium continuo detuli... quas rationes si cognoris, intelleges, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 25, 61:

    ut rationes cum publicanis putarent,

    id. Att. 4, 11, 1:

    rationes a colono accepit,

    id. Caecin. 32, 94:

    quid opus est? inquam. Rationes conferatis. Assidunt, subducunt, ad nummum convenit,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

    rationes referre... rationes deferre,

    id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

    Romani pueri longis rationibus assem Discunt in partes centum diducere,

    Hor. A. P. 325 et saep.:

    A RATIONIBVS,

    an accountant, Inscr. Orell. 1494; 2973; 2986; 4173 et saep. (cf. ab).—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    A list, roll, register (rare):

    cedo rationem carceris, quae diligentissime conficitur, quo quisque die datus in custodiam, quo mortuus, quo necatus sit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147:

    rationes imperii, ab Augusto proponi solitas, sed a Tiberio intermissas, publicavit (sc. Caligula),

    Suet. Calig. 16 ( = breviarium) totius imperii, id. Aug. 101 fin.:

    rationarium imperii,

    id. ib. 28.—
    2.
    A sum, number (rare), Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 11:

    nunc lenonum et scortorum plus est fere Quam olim muscarum est. Ea nimia est ratio,

    id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

    pro ratione pecuniae liberalius est Brutus tractatus quam Pompeius,

    Cic. Att. 6, 3, 5; cf. II. B. 1. c. infra.—
    3.
    A business matter, transaction, business; also, a matter, affair, in gen. (a favorite word of Cicero):

    res rationesque eri Ballionis curo,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 31:

    res rationesque vestrorum omnium,

    id. Am. prol. 4:

    re ac ratione cum aliquo conjunctus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:

    de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana inter se multa communicare,

    id. Quint. 4, 15:

    cum (Druides) in reliquis fere rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus, Graecis utantur litteris,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 14 (metaphrast. pragmasi):

    ratio nummaria,

    Cic. Att. 10, 11, 2:

    aeraria ratio,

    id. Quint. 4, 15:

    ratio domestica... bellica,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 76:

    quod ad popularem rationem attinet,

    id. Fam. 1, 2, 4:

    rationes familiares componere,

    Tac. A. 6, 16 fin.:

    fori judiciique rationem Messala suscepit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149; cf.:

    in explicandis rationibus rerum civilium,

    id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

    rationes civitatis,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 11:

    quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum... nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 17, 35:

    propter rationem Gallici belli,

    id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; so id. ib. 8, 14, 35:

    ad omnem rationem humanitatis,

    id. Mur. 31, 66: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu facillime perspicies, id. Fam. 1, 7, 6 fin.:

    ad eam rationem existimabam satis aptam naturam meam,

    id. Att. 9, 11, A, 1.—
    b.
    Pregn.: meae (tuae, etc.) rationes, my ( thy, etc.) interest, my ( thy, etc.) advantage (cf. in Engl. to find one's account in any thing):

    me ad ejus rationes adjungo, quem tu in meis rationibus tibi esse adjungendum putasti,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2; cf.:

    exemplum meis alienissimum rationibus,

    id. Corn. Fragm. 1, 7 B. and K.:

    consideres, quid tuae rationes postulent,

    Sall. C. 44, 5: servitia repudiabat... alienum suis rationibus existimans videri causam civium cum servis fugitivis communicasse, inconsistent with his policy or interests, id. ib. 56, 5:

    si meas rationes unquam vestrae saluti anteposuissem,

    Cic. Red. ad Quir. 1, 1.
    II.
    Trop., a reckoning, account, computation:

    postquam hanc rationem cordi ventrique edidi,

    presented this reckoning, Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 12:

    itidem hic ut Acheronti ratio accepti scribitur,

    i.e. things are taken only, nothing is given back, id. Truc. 4, 2, 36:

    nomen (comoediae) jam habetis, nunc rationes ceteras Accipite,

    an account of the rest, id. Poen. prol. 55; cf.:

    census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,

    id. Trin. 4, 2, 30; so,

    rationem dare, for the more usual rationem reddere,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 86 Mull.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92 Zumpt:

    (argentarii) ratione utuntur,

    make a reckoning, settle up, Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:

    cum eam mecum rationem puto,

    go into that calculation, think over the matter, id. ib. 3, 2, 25; cf.:

    frustra egomet mecum has rationes puto,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 54:

    (Medea et Atreus) inita subductaque ratione nefaria scelera meditantes,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 71:

    quod posteaquam iste cognovit hanc rationem habere coepit,

    to make the following calculation, reflection, id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101; cf.: totius rei consilium his rationibus explicavit, ut si, etc.,... si, etc.,... sin, etc., drew the plan of the whole undertaking according to the following calculation, that if, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 78;

    and herewith cf.: rationem consilii mei accipite,

    id. ib. 3, 86:

    ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me convenias, etc.,

    that you may calculate, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

    semper ita vivamus, ut rationem reddendam nobis arbitremur,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28; cf.:

    nihil est, quod minus ferendum sit, quam rationem ab altero vitae reposcere eum, qui non possit suae reddere,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28;

    and with this cf.: si gravius quid acciderit, abs te rationem reposcent,

    will call you to account, Caes. B. G. 5, 30: clarorum virorum atque magnorum non minus otii, quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, an account must be capable of being given, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

    tam otii quam negotii rationem reddere majores censuisse,

    Col. 11 fin.: eam condicionem esse imperandi, ut non aliter ratio constet, quam si uni reddatur, that the account is not correct unless, etc., Tac. A. 1, 6 fin.:

    mirum est quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut constet aut constare videatur,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 1; 1, 5, 16 et saep.; cf. Just. praef. 5.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Relation, reference, respect to a thing:

    (agricolae) habent rationem cum terra, quae nunquam recusat imperium,

    have an account, have to do, have dealings with the earth, Cic. Sen. 15, 51; cf.:

    ubi ratio cum Orco habetur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 3;

    for which: ubi sit cum Orco ratio ponenda,

    Col. 1, 3, 2:

    cum omnibus Musis rationem habere cogito,

    Cic. Att. 2, 5, 2:

    cum hac (muliere) aliquid adulescentem hominem habuisse rationis,

    id. Cael. 20, 50; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190. omnes, quibuscum ratio huic aut est aut fuit, assunt, defendunt, id. Quint. 23, 75; cf.

    . quae ratio tibi cum eo intercesserat?

    id. Rosc. Com. 14, 41:

    pacis vero quae potest esse cum eo ratio, in quo est incredibilis crudelitas, fides nulla?

    id. Phil. 4, 6, 14:

    quod si habenda cum M. Antonii latrocinio pacis ratio fuit, etc.,

    id. ib. 12, 7, 17:

    fontes ad nostrorum annalium rationem veteres, ad ipsorum sane recentes,

    in respect to our annals, id. Brut. 13, 49.—
    b.
    Pregn., a respect, regard, concern, consideration, care for a thing (usu. in the connection habere and ducere alicujus rei rationem): ad hanc rationem quoniam maximam vim natura habet, fortuna proximam: utriusque omnino habenda ratio est in deligendo genere vitae, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120:

    quorum (civium Romanorum) nobis pro vestra sapientia, Quirites, habenda est ratio diligenter,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17:

    (deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,

    id. Leg. 2, 7, 15:

    cujus absentis rationem haberi proximis comitiis populus jussisset,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 9; so,

    absentis,

    id. ib. 1, 32; 3, 82 fin.:

    sauciorum et aegrorum habita ratione,

    id. ib. 3, 75:

    moneret, frumenti rationem esse habendam,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 34;

    so (al. frumentandi), rationem habere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 75 Oud.; cf. id. ib. 7, 71:

    alicujus vel dignitatis vel commodi rationem non habere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17: ut summae rei publicae rationem habeamus, Pompeius ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, c, 3:

    alicujus salutis rationem habere,

    i. e. to regard, care for, be concerned about, Caes. B. G. 7, 71; so id. B. C. 1, 20:

    turpissimae fugae rationem habere,

    id. ib. 2, 31:

    ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sui solum sed etiam aliorum, sic, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:

    proinde habeat rationem posteritatis et periculi sui,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 13:

    habere nunc se rationem officii pro beneficiis Caesaris,

    id. B. G. 5, 27:

    non ullius rationem sui commodi ducit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

    cum hujusce periculi tum ceterorum quoque officiorum et amicitiarum ratio,

    id. Clu. 42, 117:

    omnis hac in re habenda ratio et diligentia est, ut, etc.,

    id. Lael. 24, 89; cf.:

    didici ex tuis litteris, te omnibus in rebus habuisse rationem, ut mihi consuleres,

    id. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

    habeo rationem, quid a populo Romano acceperim,

    bring into consideration, consider, id. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:

    ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me salva lege Cornelia convenias, ego veni, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

    neque illud rationis habuisti, eam provinciam ad summam stultitiam nequitiamque venisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 38; cf.:

    hoc rationis habebant, facere eos nullo modo posse, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 29, e70.—
    c.
    Relation to a thing, i. e.
    (α).
    Subject., course, conduct, procedure, mode, manner, method, fashion, plan, etc. (cf. consilium):

    nunc sic rationem incipissam, hanc instituam astutiam, ut, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 82; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 175 sqq.:

    ubi cenas hodic, si hanc rationem instituis?

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 26; id. Truc. 1, 1, 3:

    tua ratio est, ut secundum binos ludos mihi respondere incipias: mea, ut ante primos ludos comperendinem. Ita fiet, ut tua ista ratio existimetur astuta, meum hoc consilium necessarium,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 11, 34; cf.:

    ratio viaque defensionis,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 4:

    itaque in praesentia Pompeii insequendi rationem omittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 30:

    mea autem ratio in dicendo haec esse solet, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 292:

    haec in philosophia ratio contra omnia disserendi,

    id. N. D. 1, 5, 11:

    dicendi,

    id. Or. 32, 114; id. de Or. 3, 15, 56; cf.:

    aliquot ante annis inita ratio est, ut, etc.,

    id. Rep. 2, 36, 61:

    ut, quo primum occurreretur, vix ratio iniri possit,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 24:

    quia reponendarum (tegularum) nemo artifex inire rationem potuerit,

    Liv. 42, 3 fin. —In plur.:

    hoc aditu laudis non mea me voluntas sed meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae prohibuerunt,

    plan of life, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

    de rationibus rerum publicarum aut constituendarum aut tuendarum,

    id. Rep. 1, 6, 11.—
    (β).
    Object., relation, condition, nature, kind, sort, fashion, way, etc. (cf. modus):

    sed ratio ordoque agminis aliter se habebat ac Belgae ad Nervios detulerant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 19; cf.:

    ut rei militaris ratio atque ordo postulabat,

    id. ib. 2, 22; so,

    rei militaris,

    id. ib. 4, 23:

    ratio atque usus belli,

    the art and practice of war, id. ib. 4, 1; id. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 2, 18; 3, 17 et saep. al.; cf.:

    novae rationes bellandi,

    id. ib. 3, 50:

    ratio equestris proelii,

    id. B. G. 5, 16:

    quorum operum haec erat ratio, etc.,

    id. B. C. 1, 25; cf.: rationem pontis hanc instituit;

    tigna bina, etc.,

    id. B. G. 4, 17:

    serpit per omnium vitas amicitia, nec ullam aetatis degendae rationem patitur esse expertem sui,

    Cic. Lael. 23, 87; cf.:

    ita ratio comparata est vitae naturaeque nostrae, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 27, 101; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

    civitas (Platonis) non quae possit esse, sed in qua ratio rerum civilium perspici posset,

    id. Rep. 2, 30, 52 init.; cf.:

    reliqui disseruerunt de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 22;

    1, 8, 13: quam creberrimis litteris faciam ut tibi nota sit omnis ratio dierum atque itinerum meorum,

    id. Fam. 3, 5, 4: quoniam eadem est ratio juris in utroque, id. Rep. 3, 12, 21; cf.:

    haec eadem ratio est in summa totius Galliae,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 11 fin.:

    ab nostris eadem ratione, qua pridie, resistitur,

    id. ib. 5, 40; id. B. C. 3, 100; cf. id. ib. 3, 101:

    docet, longe alia ratione esse bellum gerendum atque antea sit gestum,

    id. B. G. 7, 14:

    hoc si Romae fieri posset, certe aliqua ratione expugnasset iste,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, ee130:

    quid refert, qua me ratione cogatis?

    id. Lael. 8, 26:

    quod fuit illis conandum atque omni ratione efficiendum,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 65 fin.; 1, 67 fin.:

    simili ratione Pompeius in suis castris consedit,

    id. ib. 3, 76:

    auxilium ferri nulla ratione poterat,

    id. ib. 1, 70:

    nec quibus rationibus superare possent, sed quem ad modum uti victoria deberent, cogitabant,

    id. ib. 3, 83 fin.; 3, 58; 3, 18 fin. et saep.—
    (γ).
    With gen. of a subst. in circumlocution for the subst. itself (v. Zumpt, Gram. §

    678): vereor ne oratio mea aliena ab judiciorum ratione esse videatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, ee109:

    multa autem propter rationem brevitatis praetermittenda,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 40, ee

    103: quantas perturbationes et quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum?

    id. Mur. 17, 35:

    nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,

    id. ib. 17, 36:

    praedicere tempestatum rationem et praedonum,

    id. ib. 2, 4:

    tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est,

    id. Off. 2, 17, 60.—
    2.
    Pregn., that faculty of the mind which forms the basis of computation and calculation, and hence of mental action in general, i. e. judgment, understanding, reason: duplex est vis animorum atque natura: una pars in appetitu posita est, quae est hormê Graece, quae hominem huc et illuc rapit;

    altera in ratione, quae docet et explanat, quid faciendum, quid fugiendum sit. Ita fit, ut ratio praesit, appetitus obtemperet,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 101:

    homo, quod rationis est particeps, per quam consequentia cernit, causas rerum videt earumque progressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, similitudines comparat rebusque praesentibus adjungit atque annectit futuras, facile totius vitae cursum videt ad eamque degendam praeparat res necessarias. Eademque natura vi rationis hominem concilia homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 11 sq.:

    haud scio, an melius fuerit, humano generi motum istum celerem cogitationis, acumen, sollertiam, quam rationem vocamus, non dari omnino quam tam munifice et tam large dari, etc.,

    id. N. D. 2, 27, 69:

    lex est ratio summa, insita in natura, quae jubet ea, quae facienda sunt, prohibetque contraria. Eadem ratio, cum est in hominis mente confirmata et confecta, lex est,

    id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

    ut, quos ratio non posset, eos ad officium religio duceret,

    id. N. D. 1, 42, 118:

    mens et ratio et consilium in senibus est,

    id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. Liv. 28, 28:

    si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit, si ratio, consilium, prudentia, Pompeius antistat,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; cf. id. Quint. 16, 53; and:

    si ratio et prudentia curas aufert,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 25:

    quibus in rebus temeritas et casus, non ratio nec consilium valet,

    Cic. Div. 2, 41, 85; cf.:

    illa de urbis situ revoces ad rationem quae a Romulo casu aut necessitate facta sunt,

    id. Rep. 2, 11, 22; and:

    moneo ut agentem te ratio ducat, non fortuna,

    Liv. 22, 39 fin.: mulier abundat audacia;

    consilio et ratione deficitur,

    Cic. Clu. 65, 184:

    Ariovistum magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse. Cui rationi contra homines barbaros locus fuisset, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40: arma amens capio;

    nec sat rationis in armis,

    Verg. A. 2, 314:

    rationis egens,

    id. ib. 8, 299 et saep.:

    iracundia dissidens a ratione,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    majora quam hominum ratio consequi possit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 15:

    quantum ratione provideri poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.:

    quantumque in ratione esset, exploratum habuit,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 6 init.:

    nec majore ratione bellum administrari posse,

    Caes. B. C. 7, 21:

    minari divisoribus ratio non erat,

    it was not reasonable, was contrary to reason, Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 24; so, nulla ratio est, with an objectclause, id. Caecin. 5, 15; so,

    too, minime rationis est,

    Col. 3, 5, 3; cf. with dat.:

    Vitellianus exercitus, cui acquiescere Cremonae ratio fuit,

    which, as reason dictated, ought to have rested at Cremona, Tac. H. 3, 22:

    quod domi te inclusisti, ratione fecisti,

    reasonably, sensibly, judiciously, Cic. Att. 12, [p. 1527] 14, 3.—
    b.
    The reasonable cause of a thing, a ground, motive, reason:

    ratio est causa, quae demonstrat, verum esse id, quod intendimus, brevi subjectione. Rationis confirmatio est ea, quae pluribus argumentis corroborat breviter expositam rationem,

    Auct. Her. 2, 18, 28:

    quid tandem habuit argumenti aut rationis res, quamobrem, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115; cf.:

    nostra confirmare argumentis ac rationibus: deinde contraria refutare,

    id. de Or. 2, 19, 80:

    noverit orator argumentorum et rationum locos,

    id. Or. 14, 44 (v. also argumentum):

    si mei consilii causam rationemque cognoverit,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1; cf.:

    ad eam sententiam cum reliquis causis haec quoque ratio eos deduxit, quod, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 10 fin.:

    quam habet rationem, non quaero aequitatis, sed ipsius improbitatis atque impudentiae?... facti, si non bonam, at aliquam rationem afferre,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, e196; cf.:

    deinde nihil rationis affert, quamobrem, etc.,

    id. Caecin. 33, 96:

    non deest hoc loco copia rationum, quibus docere velitis, humanas esse formas deorum: primum quod, etc.... deinde quod, etc.... tertiam rationem affertis, quod, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 27, 76:

    et quidem, cur sic opinetur, rationem subicit,

    id. Div. 2, 50, 104:

    idcirco minus existimo te nihil nisi summa ratione fecisse,

    id. Att. 8, 11, D, §

    5: nunc non modo agendi rationem nullam habeo, sed ne cogitandi quidem,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

    rationes in ea disputatione a te collectae vetabant me rei publicae penitus diffidere,

    id. Fam. 5, 13, 3; cf. id. Ac. 2, 36, 116:

    rationibus conquisitis de voluptate et dolore disputandum putant,

    id. Fin. 1, 9, 31; cf.:

    quod cum disputando rationibusque docuisset,

    id. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus opponuntur ab his, qui contra disputant primum labores, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

    num parva causa aut prava ratio est?

    reason, excuse, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 27.—
    (β).
    In rhet., a showing cause, argument, reasoning in support of a proposition:

    ratio est, quae continet causam, quae si sublata sit, nihil in causa controversiae relinquatur, hoc modo: Orestes si accusetur matricidii, nisi hoc dicat, Jure feci, illa enim patrem meum occiderat, non habet defensionem,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 13, 18:

    ad propositum subjecta ratio, et item in distributis supposita ratio,

    id. de Or. 3, 54, 207; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 4; 5, 14, 1; 16; 7, 8, 3.—
    c.
    Reasonableness, reason, propriety, law, rule, order, conformity, etc.:

    in omnibus, quae ratione docentur et via, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,

    in a reasonable, regular manner, Cic. Or. 33, 116; cf.:

    ut ratione et via procedat oratio,

    id. Fin. 1, 9, 29:

    modo et ratione aliquid facere (along with recte atque ordine facere),

    id. Quint. 7, 28; cf.:

    quae res Nec modum habet neque consilium, ratione modoque Tractari non vult,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 266:

    nihil est, quod ratione et numero moveri possit sine consilio,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 16, 43:

    intervallis imparibus, sed tamen pro rata parte ratione distinctis,

    divided proportionally by rule, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf.:

    ex summis et infimis et mediis interjectis ordinibus ut sonis moderata ratione civitas concinit,

    in symmetrical proportion, id. ib. 2, 42, 69:

    in quo defuit fortasse ratio, sed tamen vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,

    order, system, id. ib. 2, 33, 57;

    5, 5, 7: declinatio si cum ratione fiet,

    reasonably, id. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

    ratio et distributio,

    a reasonable division, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1.—
    d.
    A theory, doctrine, or system based upon reason; science, and (less freq.), subject., knowledge:

    erat enim tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25; cf.:

    nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 13;

    2, 39, 66: si animum contulisti in istam rationem et quasi artem,

    id. ib. 1, 23, 37; cf.:

    omnes tacito quodam sensu sine ulla arte aut ratione, quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava dijudicant,

    id. de Or. 3, 50, 195; id. Brut. 74, 258:

    continet enim totam hanc quaestionem ea ratio, quae est de natura deorum,

    id. Div. 1, 51, 117:

    Epicuri ratio, quae plerisque notissima est,

    doctrine, system, philosophy, id. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

    Stoicorum ratio disciplinaque,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 20:

    Cynicorum ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 41, 148; so id. Fin. 3, 20, 68: ratio vivendi... ratio civilis et disciplina populorum, the art of living... statesmanship, id. Rep. 3, 3, 4; cf.:

    etiamsi cui videbitur illa in optimis studiis et artibus quieta vitae ratio beatior, haec civilis laudabilior est certe et illustrior,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 4:

    improba navigii ratio tum caeca jacebat,

    Lucr. 5, 1004: saltationis ac musicae rationis studiosi, Col. prooem. e3 al.—Subject., knowledge:

    si qua (est in me) exercitatio dicendi aut si hujus rei ratio aliqua, ab optimarum artium studiis ac disciplina profecta,

    Cic. Arch. 1, 1.—
    e.
    A view or opinion resting upon reasonable grounds:

    mea sic est ratio,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 43; cf.:

    inventus est nemo, cujus non haec et sententia esset et oratio, non esse metuendum, etc.... Haec cum omnes sentirent et cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68 sq.; and with this cf. id. Att. 1, 11, 1:

    cujus ratio etsi non valuit,

    Nep. Milt. 3, 6 (just before: hujus cum sententiam plurimi essent secuti).—
    f.
    In philos. lang., a production of proof, argumentation, reasoning: (Epicurus) tollit definitiones; nihil de dividendo ac partiendo docet;

    non, quo modo efficiatur concludaturque ratio, tradit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 10, 25; id. de Or. 2, 38, 158:

    ratio ipsa coget, et ex aeternitate quaedam esse vera et ea non esse nexa causis aeternis, etc.,

    id. Fat. 16, 38; cf.:

    ergo, ubi tyrannus est, ibi non vitiosam ut heri dicebam, sed, ut nunc ratio cogit, dicendum est, plane nullam esse rem publicam,

    id. Rep. 3, 31, 43.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ratio

  • 2 ratiōcinor

        ratiōcinor ātus, ārī, dep.    [ratio], to reckon, compute, calculate: ratiocinandi utilitas: de pecuniā.— To reason, argue, infer, conclude: quid in similibus rebus fieri soleat: inter se: recte.
    * * *
    ratiocinari, ratiocinatus sum V DEP
    compute, calculate; argue, infer, conclude

    Latin-English dictionary > ratiōcinor

  • 3 duco

    dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( imp. duc;

    but duce,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 18; id. Most. 1, 4, 11; id. Poen. 5, 4, 59; id. Rud. 2, 3, 55; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103; id. Truc. 2, 5, 26.— Perf. sync.: duxti, Varr. ap. Non. 283, 32; Cat. 91, 9; Prop. 1, 3, 27), v. a. [cf. Goth. tiuh-an; O. H. Germ. zieh-an, to draw; Germ. -zog, in Herzog, commander, duke], to lead, conduct, draw, bring forward, in all senses; very freq. passing over into the signif. of the compounds abducere, deducere, adducere, producere, etc., and of the synonyms agere, trahere, movere, etc. (very freq.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    quo sequar? quo ducis nunc me?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 2: duc hos intro, id. Am. 2, 2, 224; id. Aul. 2, 6, 13:

    duc ac demonstra mihi,

    id. Cist. 2, 3, 36:

    suas secum mulierculas sunt in castra ducturi,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10 fin.; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 5 fin. et saep.:

    (difficile iter) vix qua singuli carri ducerentur,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 1; cf.

    plaustra,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 34: aquam ducere, Cato ap. Charis. p. 192 P.; so,

    aquam per fundum ejus,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 4:

    spiritum naribus,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 5: so,

    spiritum per siccas fauces,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 8; cf.:

    aërem spiritu,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 6 fin.:

    animam spiritu,

    id. ib. 2, 54, 136; and in gen.: spiritum, for to live, id. Fam. 10, 1; cf.:

    vitam et spiritum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

    tura naribus,

    to inhale, Hor. C. 4, 1, 22:

    sucos nectaris,

    to drink in full draughts, to quaff, id. ib. 3, 3, 34; cf.

    pocula,

    id. ib. 1, 17, 22; and:

    Liberum,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 14.— Poet.:

    jucunda oblivia vitae (referring to the waters of Lethe),

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 62 (cf. Verg. A. 6, 714 sq.) et saep.:

    mucronem,

    to draw from the scabbard, Verg. A. 12, 378; cf.:

    ferrum vaginā,

    Ov. F. 4, 929:

    ensem vagina,

    Sil. 8, 342;

    but: ensem duxerat faber,

    had beaten out, forged, Tib. 1, 3, 48:

    sortem,

    Cic. Div. 2, 33; Verg. A. 6, 22;

    hence, also transf. of that which is drawn by lot,

    Cic. Div. 1, 18, 34; id. Rep. 1, 34; Suet. Caes. 12; Tac. A. 1, 54; 3, 28 al.:

    pondus aratri,

    to draw, Ov. M. 7, 119:

    remos,

    to row, id. ib. 1, 294; cf. id. ib. 4, 353:

    numerosa brachia,

    in dancing, id. Am. 2, 4, 29:

    lanas,

    to spin, id. ib. 4, 34; cf.

    stamina,

    id. ib. 4, 221:

    ubera,

    to milk, id. ib. 9, 358:

    frena manu,

    to guide, govern, id. ib. 15, 518: vela, to haul (= navigare), Prop. 1, 6, 2:

    manus, of swimming,

    id. 3, 20, 2:

    ilia,

    to draw the flanks together, become broken-winded, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 9:

    os,

    to draw awry, to make wry faces, Cic. Or. 25 fin.; Quint. 9, 3, 101; cf.

    vultum,

    Ov. M. 2, 774; id. P. 4, 8, 13; Mart. 1, 41 et saep.:

    non equus impiger Curru ducet Achaico Victorem,

    to draw along, Hor. C. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Ep. 1, 1, 93.— Absol.:

    sibi quisque ducere, trahere, rapere,

    to take to one's self, appropriate, Sall. J. 41, 5.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    To lead, conduct, as a way or road:

    via ducit (te), in urbem?

    Verg. E. 9, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 7, 5; Verg. A. 1, 401; Ov. F. 2, 679:

    Brundisium Minuci melius via ducat an Appi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 20:

    via ad undas,

    Ov. M. 3, 602:

    via ad infernas sedes,

    id. ib. 4, 433; cf.:

    iter ad urbem,

    id. ib. 437; Curt. 3, 28, 19; Sen. Prov. 6, 7; id. Vit. Beat. 1; Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 111; Quint. 5, 9, 14; Liv. 5, 40, 8 al.—
    2.
    Se, in colloq. lang., to betake one's self, go:

    jam me ad regem recta ducam,

    Plaut. Am. 4, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 8, 8; id. Bacch. 4, 2, 11; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 7: Balbus duxit se a Gadibus, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 1.—
    3.
    A legal t. t., to take, lead away, drag, carry off a person before court, to prison, to punishment, etc.: POST. DEINDE. MANVS. INIECTIO. ESTO. IN. IVS. DVCITO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; so,

    in jus,

    Liv. 2, 27:

    illos duci in carcerem jubent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 30:

    aliquem in carcerem,

    Suet. Caes. 20:

    in vincula,

    id. ib. 79:

    ad mortem,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1; Nep. Phoc. 4, 3; and absol.:

    ducite, ubi capiat, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 65; Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 14; Suet. Calig. 27; Plin. Ep. 10, 97, 3 al.: NI. IVDICATVM. FACIT. AVT. QVIS. ENDO. EM. IVRE. VINDICIT. SECVM. DVCITO. VINCITO, etc., XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45:

    decreta ejus modi: SI PETIT DUCAS. C. Fuficium duci jussit petitorem,

    to be imprisoned, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31; so of a debtor (addictus) who is led off as a slave, Novat. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 255; Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 87; Cic. Fl. 20 fin.; Liv. 6, 14 sq.; cf. id. 2, 23 med.; cf.

    prov.: stultitiast venatum ducere invitas canes,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83. —
    4.
    Uxorem, to lead a wife home, i. e. to marry:

    bona uxor si ea deducta est, etc.... Verum egon eam ducam domum, Quae, etc.?

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 91:

    uxorem domum,

    id. Aul. 2, 1, 40; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 68:

    filiam Orgetorigis in matrimonium,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 9, 3; cf. Liv. 4, 4:

    eum uxorem ducturum esse aliam,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 105:

    uxorem (or aliquam, filiam alicujus, etc.),

    id. Aul. 2, 1, 48; id. Cas. prol. 69 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 1, 128; 2, 1, 21 et saep.; Cic. Sest. 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 4; id. B. C. 3, 110, 2; Verg. E. 8, 29; Vulg. Marc. 10, 11 et saep.— Absol.:

    si tu negaris ducere,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 5; 2, 3, 9; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 76; Liv. 4, 4 al.: jugum ducere cum infidelibus, i. e. to be yoked in marriage, Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 14.—Rarely for nubere: si ignorans statum Erotis ut liberum duxisti, isque postea servus est judicatus, etc., Imp. Antonin. ap. Cod. Just. 5, 18, 3.—In the comic poets, of taking home prostitutes, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 35; 4, 2, 44; id. Men. 1, 2, 15; id. Stich. 5, 4, 48; id. Truc. 3, 2, 10 et saep.—
    5.
    In milit. lang.
    a.
    Said of a commander, to lead, to cause to move, to march his army in any direction:

    locis apertis exercitum ducere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 64 fin.; 1, 68, 1:

    exercitum ab Allobrogibus in Segusianos,

    id. B. G. 1, 10 fin.:

    exercitum in fines Suessionum,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 1; cf. id. ib. 4, 38, 3;

    5, 18, 1: exercitum (legiones, etc.) in Bellovacos,

    id. ib. 2, 13, 1; 5, 24, 2 et saep.; cf. Tac. A. 2, 57:

    cohortes ad eam partem munitionum, quae, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 62, 2:

    exercitum Uticam,

    id. ib. 2, 26, 1:

    reliquas copias contra Labienum,

    id. B. G. 7, 61 fin. et saep.—In pass., of the soldiers, to march, move:

    quam in partem aut quo consilio ducerentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 2.—And in act., absol., of the general himself, to march, move (a favorite expression of Liv.;

    not in Caes. or Sall.): (Mettus) ducit, quam proxime ad hostem potest,

    Liv. 1, 23; 1, 27; 9, 35; 22, 18 et saep.—Hence,
    b.
    In gen., to lead, command an army or (more freq.) a division:

    qua in legatione duxit exercitum,

    Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so,

    exercitum,

    Nep. Eum. 13, 1; id. Epam. 7, 3:

    qui superiore anno primum pilum duxerat,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 35, 6; 6, 38, 1; id. B. C. 3, 91, 1:

    ordinem,

    id. ib. 1, 13, 4; 3, 104, 3; Suet. Vesp. 1:

    partem exercitūs,

    Sall. J. 55, 4 et saep.—Rarely, to lead a division in front, in advance:

    consuetudine sua Caesar sex legiones expeditas ducebat: post eas... inde, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 2; hence also, to march in front, take the lead, said of the division that forms the van:

    pars equitum et auxiliariae cohortes ducebant, mox prima legio, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 51; cf. id. ib. 1, 64 fin. —
    (β).
    Transf. beyond the milit. sphere, to lead, to be leader, head, chief, first in any thing:

    accedit etiam, quod familiam ducit,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5 fin. Manut.; so,

    familiam,

    id. Phil. 5, 11, 30; id. Fin. 4, 16, 45:

    ordines,

    id. Phil. 1, 8, 20:

    classem (discipulorum),

    Quint. 1, 2, 24 Spald.:

    funus,

    Hor. Epod. 8, 12:

    toros,

    Ov. F. 6, 668 et saep.—
    c.
    To conduct as prisoners in a triumph:

    per triumphum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 67:

    in triumpho,

    Plin. 7, 43, 45, § 139, v. triumphus.—
    6.
    With the accessory idea of creation, formation, to produce, form, construct, make, fashion, shape, dispose (cf.:

    struo, pono, condo, fundo): parietem per vestibulum alicujus,

    to erect, Cic. Mil. 27 fin.; cf.

    muros,

    Hor. C. 4, 6, 23:

    vallum ex castris ad aquam,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 73, 2:

    fossam,

    id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; 7, 73, 2:

    arcum,

    Ov. M. 3, 160:

    lateres de terra,

    Vitr. 2, 3:

    vivos vultus de marmore (with excudere spirantia aera),

    Verg. A. 6, 849; cf. id. ib. 7, 634; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240; Varr. ap. Non. 283, 32; Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125; Quint. 10, 3, 18 Spald.; Juv. 7, 237; hence, poet. also:

    epos,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 44:

    carmen,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 18; 3, 14, 32:

    versus,

    id. ib. 5, 12, 63 et saep.:

    liniam ex colore,

    Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 81; Quint. 2, 6, 2; cf.

    orbem,

    id. 11, 3, 118:

    alvum,

    to bring forth by clysters, Cels. 2, 12; 4, 4 et saep.: alapam alicui, qs. to fetch one a box on the ear, Phaedr. 5, 3, 2; cf.

    colaphum,

    Quint. 6, 3, 83 Spald.:

    pugnum,

    Dig. 47, 10, 4 et saep.;

    so esp. of processions, dances, etc.: funus,

    Cic. Quint. 15 fin.; Ov. M. 14, 746; Verg. G. 4, 256; cf.

    exsequias,

    Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 154:

    pompam,

    Ov. H. 12, 152; id. F. 6, 405; id. M. 13, 699:

    choros,

    Tib. 2, 1, 56; Hor. C. 1, 4, 5; 4, 7, 6 et saep.; cf.

    choreas,

    Ov. M. 8, 582; 14, 520.—
    7.
    To receive, admit, take any thing (not ante-Aug.):

    cicatricem,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 66; Liv. 29, 32, 12:

    rimam,

    Ov. M. 4, 65:

    situm,

    to grow rusty, Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    formam,

    Ov. M. 1, 402:

    colorem,

    id. ib. 3, 485; cf.

    pallorem,

    to grow pale, id. ib. 8, 760:

    nomina,

    Hor. C. 3, 27, 76:

    notam,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 59 et saep.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to lead, guide, draw, conduct:

    progredimur quo ducit quemque voluntas,

    Lucr. 2, 258; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 27; 1, 6, 57:

    ad strepitum citharae cessatum ducere curam,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 31:

    Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus,

    id. C. 4, 8, 34; cf. Quint. 12, 1, 26:

    per quaedam parva sane ducant (futurum oratorem),

    id. 1, 10, 5; cf. id. 1, 1, 27; 1, 5, 58.—Prov.:

    ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt,

    Sen. Ep. 107.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To draw, deduce, [p. 616] derive its origin or beginning from, any thing:

    ab aliqua re totius vitae ducere exordium,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 7, 18; cf.:

    exordium a nostra persona,

    Quint. 3, 8, 8; 4, 1, 7:

    principium disputationis a principe investigandae veritatis,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 21 fin.:

    belli initium a fame,

    id. Att. 9, 9, 2; cf. Quint. 1, 1, 21:

    initia causasque omnium ex quatuor temporum mutationibus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

    originem ab Isocrate,

    Quint. 2, 15, 4; 1, 6, 38; Hor. C. 3, 17, 5 al.:

    ingressionem non ex oratoriis disputationibus, sed, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 3, 11:

    honestum ab iis rebus,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 60; id. Or. 39, 135:

    nomen ex quo,

    id. Ac. 11, 41; cf.:

    nomen a Graeco,

    Quint. 1, 6, 3; 3, 7, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 66 et saep.; cf.

    also: utrumque (sc. amor et amicitia) ductum (al. dictum) est ab amando,

    Cic. Lael. 27; id. Fin. 2, 24, 78.—
    2.
    To lead a person, as regards his will or opinions, in any direction; to move, incite, induce, allure, in a good or bad sense (most freq. in the pass.):

    ita me ad credendum tua ducit oratio,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 18:

    nos ducit scholarum consuetudo,

    Quint. 4, 2, 28; 5, 11, 19; cf. id. 9, 1, 21:

    ducit te species,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 35 et saep.:

    declamatores quosdam perversa ducit ambitio, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 10, 7, 21.—In the pass.:

    si quis statuarum honore aut gloria ducitur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58 fin.:

    eloquentiae laude,

    id. Or. 32, 115:

    quaestu et lucro,

    id. Tusc. 5, 3, 9:

    hoc errore ut, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 41; cf.:

    litteris eorum et urbanitate, ut, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120:

    omnes trahimur et ducimur ad cognitionis et scientiae cupiditatem,

    id. Off. 1, 6 et saep.—
    b.
    In a bad sense, to cheat, deceive, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 26; id. Capt. 4, 2, 7; Ter. And. 4, 1, 20; id. Ph. 3, 2, 15; Prop. 2, 17, 1 (3, 8, 1 M.); Ov. H. 19, 13; id. M. 3, 587 (with decipere).—
    3.
    With regard to time, to draw out, extend, protract, prolong:

    bellum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 38, 4; id. B. C. 2, 18, 6; 2, 37, 5 sq.; Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2; Liv. 22, 25 et saep.; cf.:

    bellum longius,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 64, 2; 3, 42, 3:

    bellum in hiemem,

    id. ib. 1, 61, 3:

    eam rem longius,

    id. B. G. 7, 11, 4; cf.:

    rem prope in noctem,

    id. B. C. 3, 51, 7:

    rem leniter,

    Liv. 3, 41 et saep. Also transf., of time itself:

    tempus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; Nep. Them. 7:

    diem ex die,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 4; and of persons who are put off, delayed:

    ubi se diutius duci intellexit,

    id. ib. 1, 16, 5.—Less freq. (mostly poet.),
    b.
    In gen., of time, to pass, spend, enjoy:

    aetatem in litteris,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 50; so,

    aetatem,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 202:

    vitam,

    id. Epod. 17, 63; Sen. Ep. 45, 10; cf. Verg. A. 2, 641 (where, shortly before, vitam producere):

    noctes,

    Prop. 1, 11, 5; Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 13:

    somnos,

    Verg. A. 4, 560.—
    4.
    In mercant. lang., to calculate, compute, reckon: age nunc summam sumptus duc, Lucil. ap. Non. 283, 30:

    minimum ut sequamur, quoniam XC. medimnūm milia duximus, accedant eo, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 49; id. Att. 6, 1, 5 and 16; 6, 2, 7; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11; Gell. 1, 20, 5.—
    b.
    Transf. beyond the mercant. sphere.
    (α).
    Rationem alicujus, to consider, calculate, care for one's advantage or interest (a favorite expression of Cicero):

    duxi meam rationem, quam tibi facile me probaturum arbitrabar,

    Cic. Att. 8, 11 D, § 7; so,

    suam quoque rationem,

    to have respect to one's own advantage, id. Verr. 2, 1, 48; and:

    non minorem aratorum quam populi rationem,

    Suet. Aug. 42 fin.:

    salutis meae rationem,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3:

    rationem officii, non commodi,

    id. Sest. 10, 23; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

    unius cujusque temporis ducta ratio est,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 16:

    rationem officii atque existimationis,

    id. Quint. 16, 53.—
    (β).
    In gen., to reckon, consider, hold, account, esteem as any thing (cf. aestimo and existimo;

    very freq. in prose and poetry): parvi id ducebat,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

    pro nihilo aliquid,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 85; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 16 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 90; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28:

    ea pro falsis ducit,

    Sall. C. 3, 2; cf.:

    innocentiam pro malevolentia,

    id. ib. 12, 1:

    vos eritis judices, Laudin' an vitio duci id factum oportuit,

    Ter. Ad. prol. 5; so,

    aliquid honori,

    Sall. J. 11, 3:

    aliquid laudi, Nep. praef. § 4: aliquem despicatui,

    Cic. Fl. 27, 65: nihil praeter virtutem in bonis ducere (for which, shortly after, in bonis habere = numerare), Cic. Fin. 3, 3;

    aliquem in numero hostium,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 25 fin.; Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1; cf. ib. 6, 23, 8; without in, ib. 6, 21, 2; cf.:

    aliquem loco affinium,

    Sall. J. 14, 1 Kritz. N. cr.: aliquid testimonii loco, Quint. 5, 9, 10:

    tutelae nostrae duximus, cum Africo bello urgerentur,

    Liv. 21, 41; cf.:

    officii duxit exorare filiae patrem, etc.,

    Suet. Tib. 11:

    faceret, quod e republica fideque sua duceret,

    id. ib. 25, 7 et saep.:

    malum cum amici tuum ducis malum,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 48; cf.:

    Archytas iracundiam seditionem quandam animi vere ducebat,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38:

    eorum, quos idoneos ducebat, consilium habet,

    Sall. J. 62, 4:

    nil rectum nisi quod placuit sibi ducunt,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83.— With acc. and inf.:

    sic equidem ducebam animo rebarque futurum,

    Verg. A. 6, 690:

    ut omnia tua in te posita esse ducas humanosque casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2, 7, 19 fin.; id. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17; 1, 38; 3, 9 (three times); Sall. J. 93, 5; Liv. 22, 14, 6; 22, 59, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 2; 4, 30, 2; 6, 18 et saep.—Here too probably belongs the much disputed passage: ludos et inania honoris medio rationis atque abundantiae duxit (= ludos publicos cum aliis rebus quae ad inania honoris pertinent, duxit, i. e. existimavit habendos et ponendos in medio rationis atque abundantiae, ut inter rationem, quae plane spernit inania, et abundantiam, quae eadem ostentat, media via incederet), he thought right to manage them in a middle course between reason and profusion, Tac. Agr. 6 fin., v. Dübner and Orell. ad h. l.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > duco

  • 4 subduco

    sub-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( perf. sync. subduxti, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 25; inf. subduxe, Poët. ap. Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6), v. a., to draw from under or from below.
    I.
    Without the idea of removal.
    A.
    In gen., to draw or pull up; to lift up, raise (rare):

    brassicam ad nasum admoveto: ita subducito susum animam, quam plurimum poteris,

    Cato, R. R. 157, 15:

    aliquid sursum,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 4:

    cataractam funibus,

    Liv. 27, 28, 10: subductis (tunicis) usque ad inguen, pulled up (opp. demissis), Hor. S. 1, 2, 26: supercilia, Turp. ap. Non. 399, 30; Varr. ib. 399, 33; Sen. Ep. 48, 5; id. Ben. 1, 1, 6 al.; cf.:

    subducto voltu,

    Prop. 2, 10 (3, 1), 9.—
    B.
    In partic., naut. t. t., to draw or haul up on land (a ship out of the water;

    class. and freq.): navim in pulvinarium,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 27:

    longas naves in aridum,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 29:

    navis subducta in terrā,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 50:

    naves regiae in campo Martio subductae sunt,

    Liv. 45, 42:

    ab classe, quae Corcyrae subducta erat,

    id. 31, 22:

    classis, quae subducta esset ad Gytheum,

    Cic. Off. 3, 11, 49; so,

    naves,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11; id. B. C. 2, 23; 3, 23 fin.; Liv. 27, 17, 6; 37, 10; 42, 27:

    classem,

    id. 45, 2 al.; Vulg. Luc. 5, 11.—
    II.
    With the idea of removal implied, to draw away from among; to take away, lead away, carry off; to withdraw, remove, etc. (class.; syn. subtraho).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ubi bullabit vinum, ignem subducito,

    Cato, R. R. 105, 1:

    lapides ex turri,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 11:

    rerum fundamenta,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 42:

    conjux fidum capiti subduxerat ensem,

    Verg. A. 6, 524:

    subduc cibum unum diem athletae,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 40:

    et sucus pecori et lac subducitur agnis,

    Verg. E. 3, 6:

    pugnae Turnum,

    id. A. 10, 615;

    so,

    id. ib. 10, 50:

    aliquem manibus Graium,

    id. ib. 10, 81:

    aliquem praesenti periculo,

    Vell. 2, 72, 5:

    se pedibus (terra),

    Lucr. 1, 1106:

    se ab ipso Vulnere (fera),

    Ov. M. 7, 781 et saep. —
    2.
    Esp.
    (α).
    To purge, evacuate:

    quoniam is cibus subduceret sensim alvum,

    Gell. 4, 11, 4; so,

    alvum,

    Cels. 3, 4.—
    (β).
    Vela celeriter, to take in, furl, Auct. B. Alex. 45, 3:

    rem de judicio,

    Dig. 10, 2, 14.—
    B.
    Milit. t. t., to draw off forces from one position to another (class.):

    cohortes aliquot subductas ex dextro cornu post aciem circumducit,

    Liv. 27, 48:

    Numidas ex mediā acie,

    id. 22, 48:

    triarios ex postremā acie,

    id. 44, 37:

    subductis ordinibus,

    id. 36, 18; cf. id. 40, 30:

    ab his centuriones omnes lectos et evocatos... in primam aciem subducit,

    Sall. C. 59, 3:

    copias in proximum collem subducit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 1, 22:

    milites pleno gradu in collem,

    Sall. J. 98, 4:

    agmen in aequiorem locum,

    Liv. 7, 34.—
    C.
    With the idea of stealth or secrecy.
    1.
    To take away secretly or by stealth, to steal, hide: Atreus quam (pecudem auream) sibi Thyestem subduxe queritur, Poët. ap. Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:

    alicui anulum,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 81:

    subducta viatica plorat,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 54:

    post ignem aethereā domo Subductum,

    id. C. 1, 3, 30:

    nec mihi rivalis subducit certos amores,

    Prop. 1, 8, 45:

    saccularii partem subducunt, partem subtrahunt,

    Dig. 47, 11, 7:

    obsides furto,

    Liv. 9, 11:

    cubiculum subductum omnibus ventis,

    secured against, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 10.—
    2.
    Esp., with se, me, etc., to take one's self away by stealth, withdraw, steal away:

    tempus est subducere hinc me,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 62:

    clam te subduxti mihi,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 25:

    de circulo se subduxit,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 1:

    modo se subducere ab ipso Vulnere visa fera est,

    Ov. M. 7, 781:

    se clam,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 4;

    Auct. B. Afr. 93, 1: at nos quaerimus illa (verba), tamquam lateant semper seseque subducant,

    Quint. 8, prooem. § 21.— Poet.:

    neve terra se pedibus subducat,

    Lucr. 1, 1106:

    quā se subducere colles Incipiunt,

    i. e. to slope down gradually, Verg. E. 9, 7; cf.

    mid.: fons subducitur,

    i. e. loses itself, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 39.—
    III.
    Trop.
    1.
    Rationem, to draw up, cast up, reckon, compute, calculate, or balance an account (by subtracting one set of items from another; class.;

    esp. freq. in Cic.): subduxi ratiunculam, Quantum aeris mihi sit, quantumque alieni siet,

    Plaut. Curc. 3, 1; cf.:

    intus subducam ratiunculam, quantillum argenti mi siet,

    id. Capt. 1, 2, 89:

    subducamus summam,

    Cic. Att. 5, 21, 11; cf.:

    assidunt, subducunt: ad numum convenit,

    id. ib. 5, 21, 12.—
    2.
    In gen.: rationem, to deliberate, calculate:

    rationibus subductis summam feci cogitationum mearum,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

    Medea et Atreus... initā subductāque ratione nefaria scelera meditantes,

    id. N. D. 3, 29, 71; cf.: ineundis subducendisque rationibus, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 399, 16;

    for which also, calculis subductis,

    id. Fin. 2, 19, 60:

    bene subductā ratione,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 1:

    hoc quid intersit, si tuos digitos novi, certe habes subductum,

    Cic. Att. 5, 21, 31. —Hence, subductus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. A.) Raised, elevated, upturned: quod vituperones suos subducti supercilii carptores appellavit (Laevius), Gell. 19, 7, 16.—
    B.
    (Acc. to II. A. 1.) Withdrawn, removed, remote, = remotus (post-Aug. and very rare):

    terra subductior,

    Mart. Cap. 6, § 591.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > subduco

  • 5 dī-scrībō

        dī-scrībō scrīpsī, scrīptus, ere,    to distribute, divide, apportion, assign: (argentum) illis, T.: civitatibus pecuniarum summas: urbis partīs ad incendia: duodena in singulos homines iugera: pretio iura: Sedes discriptae piorum, H.: militibus in legiones discriptis, L.: discriptis per familiam ministeriis, Ta.: non melius potuit discribere, i. e. calculate.

    Latin-English dictionary > dī-scrībō

  • 6 dūcō

        dūcō ūxī (dūxtī, Ct., Pr.), uctus, ere    [DVC-], to lead, conduct, guide, direct, draw, bring, fetch, escort: secum mulierculas: vix quā singuli carri ducerentur, Cs.: Curru Victorem, H.: ducente deo, under the conduct of, V.: mucronem, from the scabbard, V.: ferrum vaginā, O.: bracchia (of the bow), bend, V.: sors ducitur: ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, for Neptune, V.: pondus aratri, draw, O.: remos, row, O.: lanas, spin, O.: ubera, milk, O.: frena manu, govern, O.: ilia, i. e. be broken-winded, H.: os, make wry faces: te magna inter praemia, to great glory, V.: sibi quisque ducere, trahere, appropriate, S. — Of a road or path, to lead, conduct: quā te ducit via, V.: iter ad urbem, O.: via quae sublicio ponte ducit ad laniculum, L. — With se, to betake oneself, go: se duxit foras, T.—Of offenders, to take, arrest, lead away, drag, carry off: in ius debitorem, L.: duci in carcerem: ad mortem: Fuficium duci iussit, to be imprisoned: ductum se ab creditore in ergastulum, Cs.—Of a wife, to lead home, take, marry: inopem (uxorem) domum. T.: uxorem filiam Scipionis: filiam Orgetorigis in matrimonium, Cs.: ex quā domo in matrimonium, L.: tibi ducitur uxor, V.: qui ducat abest, the bridegroom, O.: Conlegam Lepidum, wedded, H.—Of a commander, to lead, guide, cause to move, march: locis apertis exercitum, Cs.: cohortīs ad eam partem, etc., Cs.: sex legiones expeditas, led forward, Cs.: navem contra praedones: per triumphum alquem ante currum (of a prisoner): quam in partem aut quo consilio ducerentur, march, Cs.: ducit quam proxime ad hostem potest, moves, L. — To lead, command, be commander of: quā in legatione duxit exercitum: primum pilum ad Caesarem, in Caesar's army, Cs.: exercitūs partem ipse ducebat, S.: agmina, V.— To lead, be leader of, be the head of, be first in: familiam: ordines: toros, O.— To take in, inhale, drink, quaff, imbibe: spiritum: tura naribus, H.: pocula, H.: somnos, V.: ab ipso animum ferro, H. — To produce, form, construct, make, fashion, shape, mould, cast, dispose: parietem per vestibulum sororis, to erect: muros, H.: vallum ex castris ad aquam, Cs.: voltūs de marmore, V.: aera, H.: (litteram) in pulvere, draw, O.: mores, Iu.: alapam sibi gravem, Ph.: epos, spin out, H.: carmen, O.: Pocula ducentia somnos, H.— Of processions, etc., to conduct, marshal, lead, accompany: funus: triumphos, V.: choros, H.: ludos et inania honoris, Ta. — To receive, admit, take, get, assume: ubi primum ducta cicatrix (i. e. obducta), L.: rimam, O.: colorem, V.: pallorem, to grow pale, O.: Cānentem senectam, V.: nomina, H. — Fig., to lead, guide, draw, conduct: quo te sapientia duceret, H.: Ad strepitum citharae cessatum ducere curam (i. e. ut cessat), H.: Triste per augurium pectora, i. e. fill with forebodings, V.: totum poëma, carries off, i. e. makes acceptable, H.: series rerum ducta ab origine gentis, followed, V.— To draw, deduce, derive: ab aliquā re totius vitae exordium: ab dis inmortalibus principia: genus Olympo, V.: utrumque (amor et amicitia) ductum est ab amando.— To lead, move, incite, induce, allure, charm: me ad credendum: ducit te species, H.: Quo ducit gula, H.: lumina in errorem, O.: si quis earum (statuarum) honore ducitur. — To mislead, cheat, deceive: me istis dictis, T.: lino et hamis piscīs, O.—In time, to draw out, extend, protract, prolong, spend: bellum, Cs.: in ducendo bello tempus terere, L.: longas in fletum voces, V.: rem prope in noctem, Cs.: ut ita tempus duceretur, ut, etc.: vitam, live long, V.: ubi se diutius duci intellexit, put off, Cs.: aetatem in litteris, spend. — To calculate, compute, reckon: quoniam XC medimnūm duximus. — To reckon, consider, hold, account, esteem, regard: eum hominem, T.: filium adsistere turpe ducunt, Cs.: pericula parvi esse ducenda: ea pro falsis ducit, S.: si quis despicatui ducitur: deorum numero eos ducunt Cs.: modestiam in conscientiam, construe as, S.: nil rectum nisi quod placuit sibi, H.: Sic equidem ducebam animo futurum, V.: omnia tua in te posita esse: quae mox usu fore ducebat, expected, S.— To regard, care for, have respect to (only with rationem): suam quoque rationem ducere, one's own advantage: non ullius rationem sui commodi.
    * * *
    I
    ducere, additional forms V
    lead, command; think, consider, regard; prolong
    II
    ducere, duxi, ductus V
    lead, command; think, consider, regard; prolong

    Latin-English dictionary > dūcō

  • 7 reor

        reor ratus, ērī, dep.    [RA-], to reckon, calculate, believe, think, suppose, imagine, judge, deem: quos plurīs, quam rebar, esse cognovi: contra ac ratus erat, S.: Ut rebare, V.: ut ipse rebatur viam inexpugnabilem fecit, L.: Te quod me amare rebar, T.: in quibus eas virtutes esse remur: haud temere esse rentur, L.: delendaque carmina Livi Esse reor, H.
    * * *
    reri, ratus sum V DEP
    think, regard; deem; suppose, believe, reckon

    Latin-English dictionary > reor

  • 8 re-putō

        re-putō āvī, ātus, āre,    to count over, reckon, calculate, compute: solis defectiones.—To think over, ponder, meditate, reflect upon: secum eam rem viā, T.: facinus suum cum animo, S.: haec: horum nihil: se reputare solum esse: hoc animo, nostras nunc intueri manūs senatum, L.: quid ille vellet: cum animo suo, praemia an cruciatum mallet, S.

    Latin-English dictionary > re-putō

  • 9 sub-dūcō

        sub-dūcō dūxī    (subdūxtī, T.), ductus, ere, to draw away, take away, lead away, carry off, wrest, withdraw, remove: lapidibus ex turri subductis, Cs.: rerum fundamenta: capiti ensem, V.: cibum athletae: Aenean manibus Graium, V.—Of troops, to draw off, remove, transfer, detach, detail: cohortes subductae e dextro cornu, L.: subductis ordinibus, L.: copias in proximum collem, Cs.: agmen in aequiorem locum, L.—To take secretly, remove by stealth, steal, hide: subducta viatica plorat, H.: obsides furto, L.—With pron reflex., to withdraw stealthily, steal away: te mihi, T.: de circulo se: se ab ipso Volnere, O.: clam se, N.: quā se subducere colles Incipiunt, i. e. to slope down gradually, V.—To draw from under, bring from below, pull up, lift up, raise: cataractam funibus, L.: subductis (tunicis), pulled up, H.—Of ships, to haul up, bring out of water, beach: longas navīs in aridum, Cs.: naves in campo Martio subductae, L.: classis subducta ad Gytheum.—Fig., to cast up, reckon, compute, calculate, balance: summam: rationibus subductis: calculis subductus: bene subductā ratione, T.

    Latin-English dictionary > sub-dūcō

  • 10 adaero

    adaerare, adaeravi, adaeratus V INTRANS
    calculate the area of a piece of land, appraise, value (in money), estimate

    Latin-English dictionary > adaero

  • 11 calculo

    I
    calculare, calculavi, calculatus V TRANS
    calculate, compute, reckon; consider as; esteem
    II
    calculator, computer, accountant

    Latin-English dictionary > calculo

  • 12 computo

    computare, computavi, computatus V TRANS
    reckon/compute/calculate, sum/count (up); take/include in reckoning; work out

    Latin-English dictionary > computo

  • 13 conputo

    conputare, conputavi, conputatus V TRANS
    reckon/compute/calculate, sum/count (up); take/include in reckoning; work out

    Latin-English dictionary > conputo

  • 14 Duco ergo sum

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Duco ergo sum

  • 15 Eventus stultorum magister

    • Events are the teacher of the stupid persons. Stupid people learn by experience, bright people calculate what to do

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Eventus stultorum magister

  • 16 duco

    I.
    to lead, draw, esteem, consider.
    II.
    to charm, influence, mislead, draw in.
    III.
    to draw, shape, construct/ (time) spend, delay.
    IV.
    to calculate, count, reckon, esteem, considered.
    V.
    to lead on the march, marry a wife, command.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > duco

  • 17 calculo

    1.
    calcŭlo, āre, v. a. [id.], to calculate, compute, reckon (late Lat.).
    I.
    Lit., Prud. steph. 3, 131.—
    II.
    Trop., to consider as, to esteem, Sid. Ep. 7, 9.
    2.
    calcŭlo, ōnis, m. [1. calculo], a computer, accountant, Aug. Ord. 2, 12; Anthol. Lat. II. p. 268, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > calculo

  • 18 disputo

    dis-pŭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a.
    I.
    Orig. in mercant. lang., to cast or reckon up, to calculate a sum by going over its items; to estimate, compute:

    ubi disputata est ratio cum argentario,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 55.—
    II.
    Transf. beyond the mercant. sphere, to weigh, examine, investigate, treat of, discuss a doubtful subject, either by meditating or (more commonly) by speaking upon it (good prose; very freq. in Cicero's philos. and rhet. writings; cf. for syn.: dissero, discepto); constr. usual. with accus. of neutr. pron. or with de and abl. (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 372):

    in meo corde eam rem volutavi et diu disputavi,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 4:

    ea, quae disputavi, disserere malui quam judicare,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 40 fin.:

    neque haec in eam sententiam disputo, ut, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 25, 117:

    aliquid pro tribunali multis verbis,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 3:

    hoc,

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 83 et saep.:

    (Druides) multa de sideribus atque eorum motu, etc.... disputant,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 14 fin.:

    de moribus, de virtutibus, de re publica,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10:

    de omni re in contrarias partes,

    id. de Or. 1, 34, 158: cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 3 fin.; id. Fam. 11, 27 fin.; Caes. B. C. 1, 86, 3:

    ab his, qui contra disputant,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 18:

    non inscite ad ea disputat, quae, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 3, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 7; id. Rep. 1, 16:

    quale sit de quo disputabitur,

    id. ib. 1, 24:

    disputatur in consilio a Petreio et Afranio,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 67 et saep.:

    nunc utriusque disceptator eccum adest, age disputa,

    i. e. relate, tell, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 16; cf. id. Rud. 3, 4, 13:

    rem alicui,

    i. e. to state, represent, id. Men. prol. 50.—With acc. and inf.:

    isti in eo disputant, Contaminari non decere fabulas,

    i. e. maintain, Ter. And. prol. 15 Ruhnk.—
    B.
    In late Lat.
    1.
    To discuss, preach:

    in synagoga,

    Vulg. Act. 17, 17; 18, 4; 20, 9.—
    2.
    To dispute, contend in words:

    quis eorum major esset,

    Vulg. Marc. 9, 33:

    cum diabolo,

    id. Jud. 9. [p. 594]

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > disputo

  • 19 ineo

    ĭn-ĕo, īvi and ĭi, ĭtum, īre (iniri only ap. Vop. Procul. 12, 7; fut. iniet, Sen. Ben. 21, 2), v. a. and n.
    I.
    To go into, to enter a place (class.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen., constr. with acc., or with in and acc.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    illius domum,

    Cic. Deiot. 3, 8:

    urbem,

    Liv. 3, 24, 8:

    Argolicas acies non ignarus ini (i. e. inii),

    Stat. Th. 8, 107:

    convivia,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

    viam, iter,

    to enter on a journey, id. Mur. 12, 26.— Pass.:

    nemus nullis illud initur equis,

    Ov. F. 3, 266:

    (Hispania) prima Romanis inita provinciarum,

    Liv. 28, 12, 12.—
    (β).
    With in and acc.:

    in urbem,

    Liv. 24, 9, 2.—
    2.
    In partic., to know, in mal. part., Liv. 41, 13, 2: reginam, Drusillam, Anton. ap. Suet. Aug. 69:

    feminae viros ineunt,

    Sen. Ep. 95, 21;

    so of animals,

    to pair, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 178.— Pass.:

    vacca ab agresti tauro inita,

    Liv. 41, 13, 2; cf.:

    sic velut inita arbor fecundo semine fertilior exstat,

    Col. 5, 9, 16.—
    B.
    Trop., to enter upon, begin a business, an enterprise, occupation, office, etc.:

    magistratum,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:

    consulatum,

    Liv. 24, 9, 7:

    imperium,

    Suet. Tib. 67.— Pass.:

    inito magistratu,

    Liv. 36, 1, 1:

    magnum et difficile certamen iniens,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 31; Curt. 4, 3, 12:

    proelium,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 37; Vell. 2, 55, 3; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vesp. 4:

    pugnas,

    Verg. A. 11, 912:

    bellum,

    Curt. 5, 9, 4.— Pass.:

    bellum cum rege Philippo initum est,

    Liv. 31, 5, 1; 36, 1, 5: numerum, to go into an enumeration, i. e. to enumerate, give the number:

    numerus interfectorum haud facile iniri potuit,

    Liv. 38, 23, 6:

    numerus inibatur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 76: rationem, to make an estimate:

    rationem inire oportet operarum, dierum,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 2; cf.:

    initā subductāque ratione,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 71: inire rationem also freq. signifies, to calculate, consider, find out, devise, contrive:

    rogo, ut adjuves ineasque rationem, quemadmodum ea mulier Romam perducatur,

    id. Fam. 13, 28, 2:

    mihi ineunda ratio, et via reperiunda est, qua ad Apronii quaestum possim pervenire,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 46. § 110: ut multa tam gravis depelleretur, a me inita ratio est. id. Fam. 5, 20, 4:

    rationem de re,

    id. Phil. 5, 19, 53:

    ad hunc interficiendum talem iniit rationem,

    Nep. Hann. 10, 3:

    aestimationem,

    to make an estimate, to estimate, value, Sen. Ben. 3, 8 fin.:

    mensuram agrorum,

    to take the measure of, to measure, survey, Col. 5, 3, 1: societatem cum aliquo, to enter into or form an association with a person, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 3; so of an alliance, Suet. Tib. 2:

    bellum,

    to take part in, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37; Curt. 5, 9, 4:

    pugnas,

    to begin, Verg. A. 11, 912:

    pugnam,

    Vell. 1, 9, 3; 2, 55, 3:

    indutias,

    to conclude, make, Plin. Pan. 11, 5: consilium, to form a plan, Ov. F. 3, 380:

    consilia inibat, quemadmodum a Gergovia discederet,

    formed plans, considered, deliberated, Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

    consilium facinoris contra vitam alicujus,

    Cic. Deiot. 2, 4: gratiam, to get into the good graces, obtaĭn the favor of:

    plures ineuntur gratiae, si, etc.,

    the favor of many is gained, id. Brut. 57, 209:

    gratiam ab aliquo,

    Nep. Alcib. 9 fin.:

    apud regem initam gratiam volebant,

    Liv. 36, 5, 3:

    summam gratiam a bonis omnibus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 9, 3: viam, to find out a way to do any thing:

    ineamus viam aliquam, qua utri utris imperent, decerni possit,

    Liv. 1, 23, 9:

    suffragia, i. q. dare,

    id. 3, 17, 4; 3, 25, 4:

    inită aestate,

    in the beginning of, Caes. B. G. 2, 2; 2, 35, 2; cf.:

    inită hieme,

    id. ib. 3, 7, 1.— Poet.:

    somnum,

    to fall asleep, Verg. E. 1, 56:

    ipse ego paulisper pro te tua munera inibo,

    to undertake, id. A. 5, 846:

    formam vitae,

    to enter upon a course of life, Tac. A. 1, 74:

    teque adeo decus hoc aevi, te consule (puer), inibit, Pollio,

    he will enter on this golden age during your consulship, Verg. E. 4, 11 Ladew.; cf. Forbig. ad loc.—
    II.
    v. n. (= incipere), to make a beginning, to begin:

    ex ineunte aevo,

    Lucr. 5, 859; so,

    ineunte vere,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 fin.:

    ineunte aestate,

    id. Att. 4, 2, 6:

    ab ineunte aetate,

    id. de Or. 1, 21, 97:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 4; Nep. Alcib. 2, 2; cf. id. Them. 1, 1 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ineo

  • 20 ratiocinor

    rătĭōcĭnor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. and a. [ratio] (rare, but good prose).
    I.
    Lit., to reckon, compute, calculate: in summo apud illos (sc. Graecos) honore geometria fuit: itaque nihil mathematicis illustrius;

    at nos metiendi ratiocinandique utilitate hujus artis terminavimus modum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 5:

    de pecuniā ratiocinari,

    id. Inv. 2, 39, 115; 2, 32, 125; Vitr. 10, 15.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To consider, deliberate, meditate:

    quo pacto cum illis occipiam, id ratiocinor,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 18:

    socii profecto ratiocinati essent quid possent facere, si quidem suā sponte facerent,

    Auct. Her. 4, 11, 16.—
    B.
    To reason, argue, to infer or conclude from a consideration of circumstances:

    id ex partibus juris sumi oportebit et ratiocinari, quid in similibus rebus fieri soleat, et videre, utrum, etc.,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 61; cf. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 35; Quint. 7, 1, 61:

    etenim sic ratiocinabantur... aperte jam ac perspicue nulla esse judicia, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 20; cf. id. Mil. 12, 32; id. Phil. 2, 22, 55.—Rarely with acc.:

    mores atque parsimoniam alicujus,

    App. M. 1, p. 113, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ratiocinor

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